Electric Literature of 499-40-1, Catalysts are substances that increase the reaction rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. 499-40-1, Name is (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxy-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexanal, molecular formula is C12H22O11. In a Article，once mentioned of 499-40-1
By the combination of Pd-complexes and [V10O28]6-, three Pd-decavanadate compounds [Pd(NH3)4]3[V10O28]·8H2O (1), [Pd(deta)(H2O)]2(NH4)2[V10O28]·2H2O (2) (deta = diethylenetriamine) and [Pd(dpa)2](Hdpa)2(Et3NH)2[V10O28]·2H2O (3) (dpa = 2,2?-dipyridylamine) have been successfully synthesized and thoroughly characterized using single X-ray diffraction (SXRD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and elemental analyses (EA). Interestingly, in the three compounds, the molar ratios of Pd to decavanadate vary from 3:1 to 1:1 by changing N-ligands. The three Pd-decavanadates as heterogeneous catalysts are active in the aerobic oxidation of benzylic hydrocarbons under solvent-free conditions without adding any additives and co-catalysts. Moreover, compound 1 can be reused three times without losing its activity.
The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 499-40-1 is helpful to your research., Electric Literature of 499-40-1
Reference：
Tetrahydropyran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydropyran – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics